Chapter 6

The nature of chemical reactions

 

Catalyst Ð A substance that changes the rate of reaction with out being consumed or changed significantly.

 

Combustion Reaction Ð The oxidation reaction of an organic compound, in which heat is released.

 

Chemical energy Ð the energy released when a chemical compound reacts to form new compounds

 

Chemical reaction Ð a representation of a chemical reaction that used symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and products.

 

Chemical equilibrium, - A state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentration of reactants and products remains unchanged.

 

Decomposition reactions - A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances.

 

Double Displacement Reaction Ð A reaction in which a gas, solid precipitate, or a molecular compound forms from the apparent exchange of atoms or ions between two compounds.

 

Electrolysis- The process in which an electric current is used to produce a chemical reaction, such as the decomposition of water.

 

Endothermic reactions  - A chemical reaction requiring heat

 

Enzyme Ð a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plants and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed

 

Exothermic reactions Ð a chemical reaction in which heat is released to the surroundings

 

Mole Ratio Ð The relative number of moles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction.

 

Oxidation Reduction Reaction Ð any chemical change in which one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and another species is reduced (gains electrons).  It is also called a redox reaction.

 

Product Ð A substance that forms in a chemical reaction

 

Radical Ð An organic group that has one or more electrons available for bonding.

 

Reactant Ð a substance or molecules that participates in a chemical reaction.

 

Single Displacement Reaction Ð A reaction in which one element or radical takes the lace of another element or radical in a compound.

 

Substrate - A part, substance or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substrate, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes

Synthesis Reaction Ð a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.